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160

• on such aircraft typeswhichmay be specified byCASA, extend the

foregoing inspection to fuel systemfilters and collector boxes. It is

recommended that all aircraft fuel systemfilters and collector boxes be

checked forwater contamination at frequent intervals.

Note: It is important that checks forwater contamination of fuel drainage

samples bepositive in nature and donot rely solely on sensory

perceptions of colour and smell, bothofwhich canbehighly deceptive.

The followingmethods are acceptable:

• Place a small quantity of fuel into the container before taking samples

from tank or filter drain points. The presenceofwaterwill thenbe

revealed by a visible surface of demarcation between the twofluids in the

container.

• Check the drainage samples by chemical means such aswater detecting

paper or paste, where a change in colour of thedetectingmediumwill

give clear indication of the presence ofwater.

• In the case of turbine fuel samples, tests should also include inspection

for persistent cloudiness or other evidence of thepresenceof suspended

water droplets, whichwill not necessarily be detected bymethods

mentioned innotes 1 and 2. Should any doubt exist of the suitability of the

fuel, the checks specified in the aircraft operator’sMaintenanceManual

should be followed. It is advisable to allow turbine fuel a reasonable period

of stagnation before drawing test samples from fuel drainpoints; this

allows settling of suspendedwaterwhich is a slower process in turbine

fuel than in aviation gasoline.

Theparagraph abovedoes not apply tohelicopters that arebeinghot refuelled

in accordancewith section 20.10.

If, at any time, a significant quantity ofwater is found tobe present in an

aircraft fuel system, the operator and pilot in command shall ensure that all

traces of it are removed from the fuel system, including the fuel filters, before

further flight.

2 – saf e t y precaut i ons

pre-flight