Last seen: Apr 27, 2026
Hi Will, Part 135 MOS chapter 7 describes the fuel reserves needed. The CFPA exams should be up to date. However due to the huge number of exam ...
According to the MOS, PNRs are only mentioned in CPL performance.
Hi Kejt, The distance given OFF track is used for both calculations TE and CA. Review page 88/89 (electronic copy)in the NAV text book and exercise...
Here is one reference to minimum height in controlled airspace. (there are several) AIP 1.5 - 15 para 1.16.1 a. Unable to post it, but 500FT above...
It always pays to draw a picture Plan A 25 nm B ...
Hi Kejt, The basics of the 1 in 60 is Heading change is the Track Error (TE) plus Closing Angle (CA). TE is calculated on your first distance D1 an...
We do tend to Take-Off into wind, but some times we may need to take-off with a small tailwind for noise abatement/ ATC requirements etc. If we also c...
My understanding from memory, is that if the cloud and visibility are above the instrument approach minima, a take-off alternate is not required. Othe...
[attachment=2558]Screenshot 2025-02-10 at 12.03.19 pm.jpg.pdf[/attachment] As a matter of interest, Jeppesen charts list the minima with actual or fo...
Hi ejem, Naturally a pilot will use the actual QNH, be it from ATC, ATIS or AWIS, because with a lower minima there is greater chance of landing. ...
Nixor, Thanks for posting the question where it simply states fuel at Take-Off. Care is needed with these type of load questions as the fuel can...
Hi Nixor, I have just redone my Take-off chart and get an answer for 2% downslope and 5 kts of tailwind of 2,540 kg. Often, if you have a choice, T...
Hi Nixor. Correct pressure height is 3,000ft There is no surface correction for short dry grass. Using 2% down slope and 5 kts tailwind, I get ...
Hi Nixor Can you please post Question no 3 so that we can compare? Re question No 11, we consider that the start up/taxy fuel is burnt before Ta...
Hi Yingzhou, There is a link on the CASA website which covers the allowable tabs in the AIP/ERSA etc. None in the VFRG. Some of my students comm...