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            <title>
									Air Law - Bob Tait Aviation Theory Forum				            </title>
            <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/</link>
            <description>Bob Tait Aviation Theory Discussion Board</description>
            <language>en-US</language>
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							                    <item>
                        <title>Practice Exam Question</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/practice-exam-question/</link>
                        <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 09:29:18 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[Can anybody help me decipher this question? I read it as, I had COMPLETED 2 early starts and due to Appendix 4 Para 11.3 (Maximum number of consecutive early starts permitted in a week is 3)...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Can anybody help me decipher this question? I read it as, I had COMPLETED 2 early starts and due to Appendix 4 Para 11.3 (Maximum number of consecutive early starts permitted in a week is 3), I could only do one more early start therefore I had selected D. (1). Thanks in Advance.</p>
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						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>Joshua Guyer</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/practice-exam-question/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>Printed materials for CLWA exam</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/printed-materials-for-clwa-exam/</link>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 10:57:52 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[Hello! I&#039;m preparing for the CLWA exam and arranging printed materials. The CASA website mentions this is permitted materials in the CLWA exam: 

CAR 1988
Parts 61 of CASR
Part 91 of CAS...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hello! I'm preparing for the CLWA exam and arranging printed materials. The CASA website mentions this is permitted materials in the CLWA exam: </p>
<ul>
<li>CAR 1988</li>
<li>Parts 61 of CASR</li>
<li>Part 91 of CASR and Part 91 MOS</li>
<li>Part 135 of CASR and Part 135 MOS</li>
<li>CAO 48.1 Instrument 2019</li>
</ul>
<p>Is the entire parts required or only certain sections? It's a lot of printing so just want to make sure before I click print! </p>
<p>Cheers,</p>
<p>Jake</p>]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>jacobcarnall</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/printed-materials-for-clwa-exam/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>Questions from CLWA Textbook</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/questions-from-clwa-textbook/</link>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 14:36:06 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[Chapter 1, Practice Questions, Second Set:
&nbsp;
Which item must always be carried on a single engine aircraft during an overwater flight:
(a) life jackets for all occupants
(b) life ra...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Chapter 1, Practice Questions, Second Set:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Which item must always be carried on a single engine aircraft during an overwater flight:</p>
<p>(a) life jackets for all occupants</p>
<p>(b) life raft big enough to accommodate all occupants</p>
<p>(c) a locator beacon</p>
<p>(d) distress flares</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>According to 91 MOS para 26.56, life jackets are only required if aircraft is flown over water beyond gliding potential. Furthermore, life jackets are not required over water for the purpose of takeoff or landing. Hence, I thought the more correct answer should be (c) since carriage of ELTs are mandated under 91 MOS para 26.48. </p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>May I ask how should I interpret such questions?</p>]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>yztay</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/questions-from-clwa-textbook/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>Air Law Help</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/air-law-help/</link>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 23:24:19 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[Hello Everyone, I am in the throws of studying Air Law, which is my last exam, I have attempted it twice. To be honest I got white line fever and I wasn&#039;t ready. I got 70% twice. A frustrati...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hello Everyone, I am in the throws of studying Air Law, which is my last exam, I have attempted it twice. To be honest I got white line fever and I wasn't ready. I got 70% twice. A frustrating result.</p>
<p>Please, can someone help me on how to study for this exam, any tricks and tips for memorising where to find the relevant information etc etc. I want to be absolutely sure that I can pass this one, and I am at a bit of a loss on how to push my knowledge that little bit more. </p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Thanks.</p>
<p>A theory exhausted CPL student.     </p>]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>Joshua Guyer</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/air-law-help/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>Air Law Exam - Flight Duty Question - Appendix 4 Early Starts</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/air-law-exam---flight-duty-question---appendix-4-early-starts-8026/</link>
                        <pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2025 21:25:40 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[I&#039;m a bit confused at this Air Law Exam question:

&quot;Your company operates under the requirements of CAO 48.1 Appendix 4 2019.
You have commenced a FDP at 3am on Tuesday and another at 5am...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[I'm a bit confused at this Air Law Exam question:

"Your company operates under the requirements of CAO 48.1 Appendix 4 2019.
You have commenced a FDP at 3am on Tuesday and another at 5am on Wednesday.  If no reductions are made, the maximum number of FDPs commencing between 2am and 6 am before the next Tuesday is-
Select one:
a) 2, b) 4, c) 3, d) 1
Feedback
Appendix 4 para 11.3
The maximum number of consecutive early starts permitted in any week (168 hours) is 3
The correct answer is: 3"

CAO 48.1 Appendix 4 para 11 says we can't do more that 3 consecutive early starts... but as far as I can see it doesn't say anything about there being a maximum of 3 consecutive early starts in any week.  Early starts are defined as a FDP commencing between 0500 and 0659 local time.  
It goes on to say that you can't be assigned a FDP that would again infringe the WOCL (time between 0200 and 0559) without at least an intervening off-duty period that includes a local night (local night being 8 hrs including 2200 to 0500).  The question clearly states no reductions are made so my thoughts were:

Tuesday - Early start
Wednesday - Early start
Thursday - Early start
Friday - intervening off-duty period that includes a local night (Friday 2200 to Saturday 0500)
Saturday - Would have to be an off duty period to meet the requirement in Section 8.5
Sunday - Early Start
Monday - Early start

So you could actually have 5 early starts in the week up to the next Tuesday.  I'm clearly misreading or misunderstanding something.  Any clarification would be greatly appreciated.]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>expat87</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/air-law-exam---flight-duty-question---appendix-4-early-starts-8026/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>Air Law Exam - Flight Duty Question - Appendix 4 Early Starts</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/air-law-exam---flight-duty-question---appendix-4-early-starts-8025/</link>
                        <pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2025 21:24:08 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[I&#039;m a bit confused at this Air Law Exam question:

&quot;Your company operates under the requirements of CAO 48.1 Appendix 4 2019.
You have commenced a FDP at 3am on Tuesday and another at 5am...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[I'm a bit confused at this Air Law Exam question:

"Your company operates under the requirements of CAO 48.1 Appendix 4 2019.
You have commenced a FDP at 3am on Tuesday and another at 5am on Wednesday.  If no reductions are made, the maximum number of FDPs commencing between 2am and 6 am before the next Tuesday is-
Select one:
a) 2, b) 4, c) 3, d) 1
Feedback
Appendix 4 para 11.3
The maximum number of consecutive early starts permitted in any week (168 hours) is 3
The correct answer is: 3"

CAO 48.1 Appendix 4 para 11 says we can't do more that 3 consecutive early starts... but as far as I can see it doesn't say anything about there being a maximum of 3 consecutive early starts in any week.  Early starts are defined as a FDP commencing between 0500 and 0659 local time.  
It goes on to say that you can't be assigned a FDP that would again infringe the WOCL (time between 0200 and 0559) without at least an intervening off-duty period that includes a local night (local night being 8 hrs including 2200 to 0500).  The question clearly states no reductions are made so my thoughts were:

Tuesday - Early start
Wednesday - Early start
Thursday - Early start
Friday - intervening off-duty period that includes a local night (Friday 2200 to Saturday 0500)
Saturday - Would have to be an off duty period to meet the requirement in Section 8.5
Sunday - Early Start
Monday - Early start

So you could actually have 5 early starts in the week up to the next Tuesday.  I'm clearly misreading or misunderstanding something.  Any clarification would be greatly appreciated.]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>expat87</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/air-law-exam---flight-duty-question---appendix-4-early-starts-8025/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>Flight Preparation (Weather Assessments)</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/flight-preparation-(weather-assessments)-8019/</link>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2025 22:27:55 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[On Page 67 of Chapter 3 of the Bob Tait CPL Air Law Book, it states that you must obtain meteorological reports if your flight takes you away from the &quot;vicinity of the departure aerodrome (1...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[On Page 67 of Chapter 3 of the Bob Tait CPL Air Law Book, it states that you must obtain meteorological reports if your flight takes you away from the "vicinity of the departure aerodrome (10 NM radius)”.

I cannot find any reference to such a 10 NM exemption in CASR 91.230 or Part 91 MOS Chapters 7 or 8.

Part 91 MOS 7.03(1)(a)-(b) only allows a flight to commence without a forecast if no forecast is available and the PIC is satisfied the aircraft can return and land within one hour.

Is the 10 NM “vicinity” reference a legacy provision from pre-Part-91 CAO/CAAP rules?]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>expat87</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/flight-preparation-(weather-assessments)-8019/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>Highlighting text for CPL Airlaw eaxm</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/highlighting-text-for-cpl-airlaw-eaxm-7979/</link>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2025 18:04:10 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[Hi all,

I am currently studying CPL Airlaw. I am aware of the tagging requirements for the air legislation material that we are permitted to take into the exam i.e. only the ERSA and AIP ...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Hi all,

I am currently studying CPL Airlaw. I am aware of the tagging requirements for the air legislation material that we are permitted to take into the exam i.e. only the ERSA and AIP book can be tagged.

CASA says we are permitted to highlight but does not mention any restrictions as to highlighting.

Are we permitted to highlight text in the CASR, MOS, CAO  and CAR or can we only highlight text in the ERSA and AIP book?]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>Race</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/highlighting-text-for-cpl-airlaw-eaxm-7979/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>CPL Airlaw</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/cpl-airlaw-7965/</link>
                        <pubDate>Sun, 25 May 2025 18:15:59 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[Hi,

Had my exam yesterday 65% :( These main topics I can&#039;t find

some main topics I can&#039;t find:
- Carriage of Survival equipment in remote area
- conditions with carriage of animals
...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Hi,

Had my exam yesterday 65% :( These main topics I can't find

some main topics I can't find:
- Carriage of Survival equipment in remote area
- conditions with carriage of animals
Radio requirements: HF/VHF  

Help is appreciated greatly]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>Bianca</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/cpl-airlaw-7965/</guid>
                    </item>
				                    <item>
                        <title>Rules of Air</title>
                        <link>https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/rules-of-air-7961/</link>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2025 22:22:45 +0000</pubDate>
                        <description><![CDATA[Hello There,

I saw a question in the book at page 111 regarding Dropping items. However, the text that is allowed in the exam from that I can only find in PART 91, 91.190 which only state...]]></description>
                        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Hello There,

I saw a question in the book at page 111 regarding Dropping items. However, the text that is allowed in the exam from that I can only find in PART 91, 91.190 which only states not to drop any items. Is there any other thing that should be referred to from permitted material in order to answer Q10 on page 111 of the Air law book?

Thanks
Nixor]]></content:encoded>
						                            <category domain="https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/">Air Law</category>                        <dc:creator>Nazar</dc:creator>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://bobtait.com.au/community/air-law/rules-of-air-7961/</guid>
                    </item>
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